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Submitted by , posted on 27 October 2004
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Image Description, by
These are some screenshots of TopDesk, a window navigation utility I’ve been
working on that’s similar to the Mac OS X Exposé feature.
This is my second IOTD, the first being VPL, a
little visual programming language I created way, way back in the day at
university. I’ve put the trials and tribulations of university life behind
me now, and started a company called Otaku Software. "Otaku" is a
derogatory Japanese term for geek, and TopDesk is our first product.
Before I start getting into the technical details, I better say a couple of
quick words before the Mac fans start beating me around the head with large,
blunt, yet impeccably designed instruments. The first time I saw OS X
Panther, my jaw dropped. The fast user switching effect was cool, but Exposé
just blew me away. I literally spent hours just switching between
applications, watching the windows zoom back and forth, back and forth (I’m
easily amused). After seeing Exposé, I never wanted to use CTRL-TAB again,
but I use a Windows machine for my day to day work, and since that isn’t
going to change anytime soon, I was stuck with it. I looked around for a
Windows equivalent of Exposé and I found a Microsoft PowerToy that displayed
window images when CTRL-TAB was pressed, but it didn’t have the "wow" factor
I was looking for. I wanted something with the same hardware-accelerated eye
candy the Mac-heads had, so I decided to write TopDesk.
The interesting (and not so interesting) technical details are:
- It's written in C++, uses straight Win32 API, OpenGL, and is around 30k
lines of code. Windows XP only at the moment.
- When scaled, windows are organized in a rectangular grid layout. Early
versions of TopDesk had a more Exposé-like layout for scaled windows, but
whenever we showed it to (semi-computer literate) users, they'd just stare
blankly at the screen while shouting "make square! make square!" - hence the
more "orderly" layout. I'm more a fan of the Exposé layout myself, but as
they say, "the user is always right" ;) .
- As I mentioned above, OpenGL is used to do the scaling effect. Window
images are grabbed using PrintWindow () and downloaded to the video card as
compressed OpenGL textures. To pull off the illusion, we make our OpenGL the
topmost window, set up an orthogonal projection, and draw our windows as
textured quads at their current screen position. At this point, the screen
effectively looks like it did before the effect started, except now
everything is drawn in OpenGL. Once the initial setup is over, we scale and
move the textured quads to simulate the windows moving and scaling to their
grid layout positions.
- PrintWindow () is slooooow. How slow? My 2.8 GHz P4 takes around 100-200ms
to grab a 32-bit 1280x1024 window image. That doesn’t seem too bad until you
realise that you only need to have a few windows open to introduce a 1
second delay before the windows scale. As you can imagine, this pretty much
destroys the illusion. We tried other methods to grab the window image, like
the excellent Windows 2000 compatible solution by Feng Yuan, but got similar
results speed-wise. Then we realized that while lots of PrintWindow () calls
are costly, the cost of calling PrintWindow () on one window is negligible.
This led to the current solution: add a few global window hooks in so that
we only grab windows when certain attributes (size, focus, etc...) change.
- Using a couple of tricks, we also managed to make TopDesk work with
minimized windows. PrintWindow () doesn't work on minimized windows, so we
had to come up with another way to implement them. Our solution was to
install a hook to monitor when a window is about to minimize, then when the
minimize event occurs, cancel it, grab the window image, then minimize the
window ourselves.
- This isn't really a technical detail (more of a rant), but we found that a
lot of applications do very strange things with their windows. Some (Excel,
PowerPoint, I'm looking at you), even go as far as to create dummy windows
that show up in the taskbar in an effort to trick people into thinking
they're not MDI applications. It was a bit of an eye opener to discover just
what some "commercial" applications were doing under the hood.
That about wraps up the details. If you'd like to know more about how
TopDesk works, or discuss your own adventures with PrintWindow (), you can
contact me.
If you'd like to try out TopDesk, there’s a beta version of the trial
available at www.otakusoftware.com/topdesk. We're conducting an open beta of the trial version at the moment, so any
feedback would be greatly appreciated.
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